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Allergies are one of the most common chronic diseases. They are caused by the immune system’s reaction to allergens. Allergy symptoms happen when a person with an allergy comes into contact with the allergen. This can happen through ingestion, touch, or inhalation.

The immune system tries to protect your body and fight off the allergen. This may cause symptoms like itchiness and rashes. In serious cases, allergic reactions can cause difficulty breathing, fainting, or even death.

What are some common allergens?

More than 100 million people in the United States have various types of allergies each year. Common allergens include:

• “Hay fever” caused by environmental factors (such as pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds), dust mite, molds, and pet dander
• Common food allergies in children include:
  • Cow’s milk
  • Eggs
  • Wheat
  • Soy
  • Fish
  • Shellfish
  • Peanuts
  • Tree nuts (almonds, pecans, and walnuts)
  • Sesame seeds
  • Insect venom from wasps, hornets, bees, or red ants
  • Medications (antibiotics or over the counter medications)

Some allergens can trigger asthma. Asthma is a disease that affects your lungs and makes it harder to breathe. Common allergens that can make asthma worse are dust mites, cockroaches, pollen, molds, animal allergens, and rodents.

How can I help prevent allergic reactions for myself or my child?

• Identify and avoid allergens that you are concerned about.
• Talk to your or your child’s provider about the right treatment. You may be referred to an allergy specialist to do allergy skin tests and/or blood work.
• If you think you or your child may have environmental allergies, you should:
  • Keep windows closed during pollen season, especially on dry, windy days.
  • Keep the house clean and dry to reduce mold and dust mites.
  • Limit pet exposure in the home. Keep pets away from the bedroom. Air purifiers can help fight pet allergens.

Are there treatments for allergies?

Yes. Allergy treatment is based on your medical history, results of allergy tests, and how serious your symptoms are. Allergy treatment may include avoiding allergens, taking medications, and/or immunotherapy. Always talk to your provider before starting any treatments or medications.

Why does my child have allergies?

Allergies run in families. Your child has a higher risk of having allergies if immediate family members have allergies.

Learn more about allergies here.

Sources

https://www.health.ny.gov/press/releases/2023/2023-05-03_asthma_allergy_awareness.htm